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Ocean Freight Surcharges Explained: BAF, LSS, PSS, GRI, EBS and More

October 22, 2026 · Ocean freight

CodeNameWhat it covers
BAFBunker adjustment factorFuel cost changes — see fuel and freight
LSSLow-sulphur surchargeCost of compliant low-sulphur fuel
EBSEmergency bunker surchargeSudden fuel price spikes
PSSPeak season surchargeHigh-demand periods
GRIGeneral rate increaseAnnounced increase to base rates
THC (O/D)Terminal handling chargeHandling at origin / destination terminals
DOC / B/L feeDocumentation feeIssuing the bill of lading
Seal fee—Container seal
Chassis, pier pass, clean truckUS destination feesEquipment and port programmes

Tips

  • Ask for "all-in" rates and a list of what is excluded.
  • Check whether surcharges are fixed at booking or at sailing.
  • Under DDP, every destination fee is your cost — see DDP cost.

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