| Demurrage | Detention | |
|---|---|---|
| When | Full container stays in the terminal beyond free time | Container (full or empty) kept outside the terminal beyond free time |
| Charged by | Carrier (sometimes terminal storage too) | Carrier |
| Typical cause | Customs holds, no trucker, no appointment | Slow unloading, late empty return |
Charges usually rise in tiers the longer the delay lasts. The US Federal Maritime Commission's rules require D&D invoices to include specific information and be issued within set time limits; incorrect invoices can be disputed.
How to avoid D&D
- File ISF and entry early so cargo is released on arrival — clearance process.
- Book drayage and delivery appointments before the vessel arrives.
- Negotiate extra free time for slow-unloading warehouses.
- Consider transloading near the port — transloading.